{"id":11796,"date":"2022-12-24T01:04:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T22:04:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydialogue.org\/?p=11796"},"modified":"2023-05-08T01:38:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T22:38:54","slug":"suriyeli-gruplarin-dis-politikasini-etkileyen-faktorler-politika-yanilsamasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/tr\/suriyeli-gruplarin-dis-politikasini-etkileyen-faktorler-politika-yanilsamasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Suriyeli Gruplar\u0131n D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler: Politika Yan\u0131lsamas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet:<\/span><\/h2>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler art\u0131k \u201cdevlet\u201din tekelinde de\u011fil; \u201cdevlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rler\u201d de uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilere dahil olmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda kendilerini devletin i\u015flevlerini ilerletebilecek ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde tan\u0131nabilecek siyasi hareketler olarak g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok diplomatik faaliyeti benimsemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makale, Suriyeli gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politika alan\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmeye y\u00f6nelik ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Betimsel analiz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve derinlemesine g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yoluyla bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve onu olumlu ya da olumsuz etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerin belirlenmesi ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makale devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rler i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f politika kavram\u0131 ve onu etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir teorik giri\u015fin ard\u0131ndan, bu akt\u00f6rlerin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rleri analiz eden be\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: kurumsal, co\u011frafi, ekonomik, yasal ve dijital diplomasi.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 Suriyeli gruplar\u0131n son on y\u0131lda, \u00f6zellikle co\u011frafi, ekonomik ve dijital diplomasi alanlar\u0131nda bir d\u0131\u015f politika olu\u015fturmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan baz\u0131 fakt\u00f6rleri elde etmedeki k\u0131smi ve ge\u00e7ici ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeyde kendisine fark yaratabilecek ba\u015fka g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zellikler bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makale ayr\u0131ca, devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6r olarak gruplar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle kurumsal d\u00fczeyde dengeli bir d\u0131\u015f politika olu\u015fturmaya katk\u0131da bulunabilecek en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden yoksun oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu da temel zay\u0131f noktas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilir, zira d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler dosyas\u0131n\u0131n bireysel liderlik tarz\u0131na dayanmas\u0131 ve vizyon, deneyim, g\u00fcvenilirlik ve etkileme yetene\u011fi eksikli\u011fi, b\u00f6lgede bu gruplara yer ay\u0131racak d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/span> <\/strong><\/h1>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin y\u00f6netiminde devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin, \u00f6zellikle de devletin do\u011frudan hiyerar\u015fik kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili askeri yeteneklere sahip olan devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin merkezili\u011finin artmas\u0131yla, devletin kavramsal ve pratik bir dayanak olarak hakimiyeti azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan 1970’lerden bu yana uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde bu akt\u00f6rlerin \u00f6neminin tan\u0131nmas\u0131na ve hem sava\u015f hem de bar\u0131\u015f zaman\u0131nda devletler ve di\u011fer devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerle bir d\u0131\u015f politika g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu akt\u00f6rlerin ne oldu\u011funu anlama, \u00f6zelliklerini tan\u0131mlama ve s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma imk\u00e2n\u0131, teorik ve pratik d\u00fczeylerde hala elde edilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rler \u201cDevletin kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren ve siyasi veya s\u00f6zde siyasi hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanan, temel bir liderlik yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip organize bir grup\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu akt\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcrleri ve bi\u00e7imleri, bir yandan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma i\u00e7in belirli kriterlerin bulunmamas\u0131, di\u011fer yandan bu akt\u00f6rler olgusunun ve rollerinin Orta Do\u011fu, Afrika ve Asya gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rler birden fazla bi\u00e7im i\u00e7erir, bunlar\u0131n en belirginleri devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerdir (kurtulu\u015f hareketleri). Bunlar da \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar; bunlar\u0131n en belirgin olanlar\u0131 ya otokratik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ya da \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netemeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in rejimi devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan silahl\u0131 gruplard\u0131r. \u00a0Bu yaz\u0131da bahsedilen \u201cSuriyeli gruplar\u201d da bunun bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Bunlar kurulu\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda Esad rejimini devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beyan eden, ter\u00f6rist listelerinde yer almayan ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir projesi olmayan, daha sonra 1. ve 2. Riyad toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lan ve beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 imzalayan gruplard\u0131r. \u015eu anda \u201cSuriye Ulusal Ordusu\u201d \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki hemen hemen t\u00fcm gruplar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Suriyeli gruplar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, kontrol ettikleri b\u00f6lgelerin geni\u015flemesi, Rus askeri m\u00fcdahalesi \u00f6ncesinde etkilerinin artmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gerilemesinden bu yana, bu gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 \u201cdevletlerle ili\u015fkilerde kararlar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 iki taraf aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk taraf, gruplar\u0131n \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir d\u0131\u015f politika geli\u015ftirmelerini sa\u011flayan ki\u015fisel ve i\u00e7 unsurlara sahip oldu\u011funu savunurken ikinci taraf, bu unsurlar\u0131n zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu ve \u00fclkelerden, \u00f6zellikle destekleyici olanlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir d\u0131\u015f vizyon geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu unsurlar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk say\u0131m\u0131zda, silahl\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 panoramik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla incelemi\u015f ve silahl\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 bir \u015fekilde etkileyen, zamansal, mek\u00e2nsal, politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve akt\u00f6r\u00fcn kendisiyle ilgili \u00f6znel ba\u011flama g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen oranlarda bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu bulmu\u015ftuk.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n devam\u0131 olarak, bu fakt\u00f6rlerin se\u00e7ilen baz\u0131 Suriyeli gruplar i\u00e7in ne kadar ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funa bakmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli hale geliyor. Bu gruplar, rollerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ra\u011fmen Suriye tablosunda \u015fimdiye kadar yer almas\u0131, i\u00e7inden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmay\u0131 kabul eden baz\u0131 ki\u015filere ula\u015f\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 ve 1. ve 2. Riyad beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 imzalayarak Suriye ulusal projesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Makale, Suriyeli askeri gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen temel fakt\u00f6rleri analiz etmeyi, Suriyeli silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi ve bundan dersler \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Suriyeli askeri gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerini de\u011ferlendirmeyi ve son on y\u0131lda bu yola e\u015flik eden dinamikleri anlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan makale b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece genel d\u00fczeyde bilin\u00e7lendirmeye ve sloganlardan uzak ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu gruplar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k kapsam\u0131ndan daha dengeli bir hale getirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin temellerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makalede, olguyu analiz etmeyi, ba\u011flamlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamay\u0131, onu etkileyen fakt\u00f6rleri belirlemeyi, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmeyi ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in tavsiyeler sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan betimsel analiz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki t\u00fcr kaynak benimsenmi\u015ftir; birincil kaynaklar durumu kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlamak i\u00e7in grupsal ve b\u00f6lgesel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 dikkate alarak, Suriyeli gruplar\u0131n karar verici ki\u015filerle -do\u011frudan veya telefon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla- bireysel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri i\u00e7ermekte ve ikincil kaynaklar Arap ve yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, makaleler ve bas\u0131n raporlar\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklar i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Analiz belgesinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in (Arap\u00e7a)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu makale, Suriyeli askeri gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ana fakt\u00f6rleri analiz etmeyi ve Suriyeli silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Makale, gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerini de\u011ferlendirmeyi ve son on y\u0131lda bu yola e\u015flik eden dinamikleri anlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bir yandan bu fakt\u00f6rler hakk\u0131nda genel d\u00fczeyde fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmaya ve bunlar\u0131 sloganlardan uzak ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve di\u011fer yandan bu gruplar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k kapsam\u0131ndan daha dengeli bir hale getirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin temellerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,92,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-and-studies-tr","category-ortak-kimlik-ve-uzlasi-birimi","category-yayinlar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSuriyeli Gruplar\u0131n D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler: Politika Yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 - Suriye Diyalog Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu makale, Suriyeli askeri gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ana fakt\u00f6rleri analiz etmeyi ve Suriyeli silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Makale, gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerini de\u011ferlendirmeyi ve son on y\u0131lda bu yola e\u015flik eden dinamikleri anlamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bir yandan bu fakt\u00f6rler hakk\u0131nda genel d\u00fczeyde fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmaya ve bunlar\u0131 sloganlardan uzak ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ve di\u011fer yandan bu gruplar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k kapsam\u0131ndan daha dengeli bir hale getirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin temellerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacakt\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/tr\/suriyeli-gruplarin-dis-politikasini-etkileyen-faktorler-politika-yanilsamasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Suriyeli Gruplar\u0131n D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131n\u0131 Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler: Politika Yan\u0131lsamas\u0131 - Suriye Diyalog Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu makale, Suriyeli askeri gruplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ana fakt\u00f6rleri analiz etmeyi ve Suriyeli silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. 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