{"id":15725,"date":"2022-03-05T16:21:59","date_gmt":"2022-03-05T13:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/?p=15725"},"modified":"2024-11-05T16:44:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T13:44:53","slug":"2011-sonrasi-iranin-suriyedeki-ekonomik-nufuzu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/tr\/2011-sonrasi-iranin-suriyedeki-ekonomik-nufuzu\/","title":{"rendered":"2011 Sonras\u0131 \u0130ran’\u0131n Suriye’deki Ekonomik N\u00fcfuzu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Suriye ve \u0130ran rejimleri, 1980’lerden bu yana stratejik bir ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu siyasi, askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik ittifak\u0131, Suriye devriminden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Baba Esad’\u0131n d\u00f6neminde, ekonomik alana yans\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde O\u011ful Esad’\u0131n iktidara ge\u00e7mesinden sonra ya\u015fanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geni\u015flemeye ra\u011fmen bu ili\u015fkiler, Suriye’nin T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle olan ili\u015fkileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeterince art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu ili\u015fkiler, Suriye devriminin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, \u00f6zellikle 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130ran, Suriye’deki t\u00fcm ana sekt\u00f6rlerde n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu alandaki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130ran’\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 ve kontrol d\u00fczeyi sekt\u00f6rden sekt\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak \u0130ran her sekt\u00f6rde n\u00fcfuzunu art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrekli giri\u015fimlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak \u0130ran’\u0131n Suriye’deki ekonomik e\u011filimlerinde dikkat \u00e7eken bir \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalamada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurken, bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmekte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumun ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 nedeni vard\u0131r. Rusya ile rekabet, bat\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ve Suriye’deki ekonomik zay\u0131fl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Engellere ra\u011fmen \u0130ran bir\u00e7ok stratejik noktada ba\u015far\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir ve daha fazla n\u00fcfuz kazanmak i\u00e7in kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7aba sarf etmektedir. Bu durum \u0130ran’\u0131n Suriye ekonomik haritas\u0131ndaki ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi ve analiz edilmesiyle g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk sekt\u00f6r olan tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta, \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tar\u0131msal yat\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, ancak tar\u0131m ticareti ve sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ticaret yollar\u0131nda n\u00fcfuz kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Esad rejiminin yard\u0131m\u0131yla bir\u00e7ok Suriyelinin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek bu topraklar\u0131 dini merkezler ve askeri \u00fcniteler in\u015fa etmek, milislerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tar\u0131msal yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, hatta ha\u015fha\u015f ekimi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u0130ran, \u00f6zellikle yeralt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n rekabeti nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ran, sadece Bukemal b\u00f6lgesindeki baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kuyular\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc elde edebilmi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede sondaj yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Petrol rafinerisi tesislerinde ise \u0130ran, yerel m\u00fcttefiklerinden biri olan “Katerji” \u015firketinin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iki petrol rafinerisinin in\u015fas\u0131na ve Tartus’ta petrol terminalini geli\u015ftirme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u015fu ana kadar bir petrol liman\u0131 kurmay\u0131 ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u0130ran, Suriye’yi Akdeniz’e ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir ge\u00e7it olarak kullanmaya odaklanm\u0131\u015f ve “\u0130slami Dostluk Boru Hatt\u0131” ve “\u015eelem\u00e7e-Lazkiye Demiryolu” gibi iki eski stratejik projeyi yeniden canland\u0131rma giri\u015fimlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u0130ran, yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde gayrimenkul sat\u0131n alarak ve yerinden edilen Suriyelilerin m\u00fclklerine el koyarak, demografik de\u011fi\u015fim planlar\u0131 ve milisleri yerle\u015ftirme ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet eden yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer sanayi kollar\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle elektrik enerjisi ve un de\u011firmeni sekt\u00f6r\u00fc gibi g\u0131da \u00fcretimiyle ilgili alanlarda geni\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hizmet \u00fcretiminde, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 e\u011fitim ve turizm sekt\u00f6rlerinde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, bunlar daha \u00e7ok ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ama\u00e7lara hizmet etmektedir. Ancak \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n telekom\u00fcnikasyon ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6rlerine m\u00fcdahaleleri hen\u00fcz ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ticaret alan\u0131nda \u0130ran, Suriye ile ticaret hacmini art\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015f ve 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Esad rejimiyle serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran-Suriye ortak ticaret odas\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu ad\u0131mlara ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok anla\u015fmaya ra\u011fmen, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticari ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7abalar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda \u0130ran’\u0131n Suriye ticaretindeki pay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca %3 iken T\u00fcrkiye’nin pay\u0131 %30’dur.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Suriye ekonomisine bu \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahalesi, b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Suriye’nin \u0130ran mallar\u0131n\u0131 satmak i\u00e7in bir pazar haline gelmesi, yeniden yap\u0131lanma fonlar\u0131n\u0131n veya \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve Suriye ekonomisinin gelecekte \u0130ran projesinin milislerini finanse etmek i\u00e7in bir kaynak haline gelmesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Siyasi ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ekonomiye n\u00fcfuz etmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u201cdevlet i\u00e7inde devlet\u201d modelini uygulama, siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 engelleme, Suriye\u2019nin egemen karar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme ve merkezi otoriteyi zay\u0131flatarak milis y\u00f6netimi lehine g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme gibi etkiler yer almaktad\u0131r. Toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan ise \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ekonomik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Suriye’nin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirme, \u0130ran\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 a\u015firet sistemleri olu\u015fturma giri\u015fimlerine katk\u0131da bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n etkileri sadece ulusal d\u00fczeyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamakta, b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenli\u011fi de tehdit etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye’yi istikrars\u0131z bir b\u00f6lgeye ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ticaret, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, uyu\u015fturucu ve organ ticareti gibi faaliyetler i\u00e7in bir merkez haline getirme riski ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Raporun Tamam\u0131n\u0131 Okumak \u0130\u00e7in T\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z (Arap\u00e7a<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suriye ve \u0130ran rejimleri, 1980’lerden bu yana stratejik bir ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu siyasi, askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik ittifak\u0131, Suriye devriminden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Baba Esad’\u0131n d\u00f6neminde, ekonomik alana yans\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde O\u011ful Esad’\u0131n iktidara ge\u00e7mesinden sonra ya\u015fanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geni\u015flemeye ra\u011fmen bu ili\u015fkiler, Suriye’nin T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle olan ili\u015fkileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeterince art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,92,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-and-studies-tr","category-ortak-kimlik-ve-uzlasi-birimi","category-yayinlar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2011 Sonras\u0131 \u0130ran'\u0131n Suriye'deki Ekonomik N\u00fcfuzu - Suriye Diyalog Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Suriye ve \u0130ran rejimleri, 1980'lerden bu yana stratejik bir ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu siyasi, askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik ittifak\u0131, Suriye devriminden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Baba Esad'\u0131n d\u00f6neminde, ekonomik alana yans\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde O\u011ful Esad'\u0131n iktidara ge\u00e7mesinden sonra ya\u015fanan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geni\u015flemeye ra\u011fmen bu ili\u015fkiler, Suriye'nin T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle olan ili\u015fkileriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeterince art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/tr\/2011-sonrasi-iranin-suriyedeki-ekonomik-nufuzu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2011 Sonras\u0131 \u0130ran'\u0131n Suriye'deki Ekonomik N\u00fcfuzu - Suriye Diyalog Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Suriye ve \u0130ran rejimleri, 1980'lerden bu yana stratejik bir ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu siyasi, askeri ve g\u00fcvenlik ittifak\u0131, Suriye devriminden \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle Baba Esad'\u0131n d\u00f6neminde, ekonomik alana yans\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 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