{"id":7426,"date":"2021-12-13T00:17:50","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T21:17:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydialogue.org\/?p=7426"},"modified":"2022-04-20T13:50:30","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T10:50:30","slug":"iltica-deneyiminin-resit-olmayan-refakatsiz-multeciler-uzerindeki-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydialogue.org\/tr\/iltica-deneyiminin-resit-olmayan-refakatsiz-multeciler-uzerindeki-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ltica Deneyiminin Re\u015fit olmayan Refakatsiz M\u00fclteciler \u00dczerindeki Etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti:<\/span><\/h3>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Medeni ve Siyasi Haklar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi belgesi, re\u015fit olmayan refakatsizler kesimine net bir \u015fekilde dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f; k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta korumalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmaktan korunmas\u0131 konusu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ev sahibi \u00fclkelere bu kesime vermeleri gereken haklar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f bulunmakta.\u00a0 Bununla beraber sava\u015f ve iltican\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen, en hassas ve y\u00f6neldi\u011fi yere do\u011fru olan yolculu\u011fu boyunca tehlikelere en \u00e7ok maruz kalan kesim onlar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131, insani ve hukuki bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rg\u00fct de bu kesimin \u00f6nemi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’deki refakatsiz Suriyeli re\u015fit olmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumuna gelince, bunlarla ilgili resmi bilgi ve istatistik bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ici koruma maddesi kapsam\u0131na giren ve G\u00f6\u00e7 \u0130daresi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kayd\u0131 denetlenen refakatsiz Suriyeli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu, T\u00fcrkiye’de bulunan ve kay\u0131t i\u015flemleri uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan denetlenen di\u011fer uyruklu refakatsiz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumundan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ici koruma sistemi bu kesime dair hi\u00e7bir detay i\u00e7ermiyor. B\u00f6ylece bu kesim \u00f6nemsiz bir konuma d\u00fc\u015febiliyor ve ge\u00e7erli yasal belgeler elde etmesi engellenebiliyor. Dahas\u0131, bu kesim e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 gibi haklar\u0131ndan veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dil e\u011fitimi, mesleki e\u011fitim ve mali destek gibi di\u011fer hizmetlerden yararlanma haklar\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma bu kesimin (gen\u00e7 konutlar\u0131nda ikamet eden refakatsiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler kesimi) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden y\u0131llar sonra mevcut durumunu belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu kesimin ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya konu olan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yasal olarak yeti\u015fkin say\u0131l\u0131rken %12\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131 halen 18 ya\u015f alt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n %31 oran\u0131yla re\u015fit olmayan m\u00fclteci dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’ye geli\u015finde en yo\u011fun y\u0131l oldu\u011funu ve bunu 2016, 2014 ve 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n izledi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu kesimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, y\u00fczde 57\u2019si, Suriye’deki k\u00f6t\u00fc ya\u015fam ve ekonomik durum nedeniyle ve ilk etapta kendilerine ve ailelerine bir gelir elde etmek i\u00e7in bir i\u015f f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalama arzusuyla; bunlara ilaveten zorunlu askerlik hizmetinden ka\u00e7\u0131p g\u00fcvenli bir yere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak, Suriye’deki sava\u015flardan ve askeri operasyonlardan ka\u00e7\u0131p istikrara kavu\u015fmak, daha sonra da Avrupa’ya gitmek veya sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldi.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ya\u015f\u0131 12\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck. Oran olarak en \u00e7ok 15, 16, 17 ya\u015flar g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Bu da b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 aileleri olmadan, geldikleri ortamdan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal olarak farkl\u0131 bir ortamda, herhangi bir g\u00f6zetim veya y\u00f6nlendirme olmadan ge\u00e7irdikleri anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n %84’\u00fcn\u00fcn hala bekar gen\u00e7ler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte: %5’i evli fakat aileleri ba\u015fka bir yerde ve %11’i resmi olmayan bir ili\u015fkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yorumlanabilecek \u201cdi\u011fer\u201d yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f. Grubun %22’si sadece ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorken, %44’\u00fc ortaokul, %29’u lise e\u011fitimi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi bilme oranlar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle: %47’si T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi iyi konu\u015fuyor, %36’s\u0131 ise hala orta d\u00fczeyde.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ile ilgili olarak, anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, bu kesimin %85’inin baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hastal\u0131klar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n %8’inin sava\u015f yaralanmalar\u0131ndan, %3’\u00fcn\u00fcn hareket etme engellerinden muzdarip oldu\u011funu, %4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn genetik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Son olarak, yakla\u015f\u0131k %16’s\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131na ve ilaca s\u00fcrekli \u015fekilde, %18’i ise belirli aral\u0131klarla ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, ankete kat\u0131lan kesimin %96’s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte. Bu oran\u0131n da %44\u2019\u00fc geldi\u011finden beri aral\u0131ks\u0131z \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, %52\u2019si de aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 alan tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc. Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden sonra s\u0131ras\u0131yla sanayi ve marangoz at\u00f6lyeleri, bina ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, lokanta ve f\u0131r\u0131nlar geliyor. Ard\u0131ndan %4\u2019l\u00fck bir oranla \u015firket ve ticari mekanlar geliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak, anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 sadece %3’\u00fcn\u00fcn 8 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ankete kat\u0131lan kesimin %88’inin ise 9-12 saat aras\u0131nda, %9’unun da 12 saatten fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na nispeten maa\u015flar \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. %70’inden fazlas\u0131 asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda, %24’\u00fc de 2500-3500 TL aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen maa\u015flar al\u0131rken sadece %6’s\u0131 3500 TL’nin \u00fczerinde maa\u015f almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine, bu kesimin %92’si kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. %80’i resmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni almas\u0131na imk\u00e2n veren yasal ikamet stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip. Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %89’u Suriye’deki ailelerine periyodik veya aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6nderdikleri maddi yard\u0131mlarla katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Bu durum da g\u00f6steriyor ki, maa\u015flar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve maa\u015flar\u0131ndan ailelerine bir \u015feyler ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ekonomik imkanlarla ya\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinin, T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelmeden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re namaz ve Cuma namaz\u0131 gibi farz dini ibadetlere ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve genel olarak dini \u00f6\u011fretilere kar\u015f\u0131 hassasiyetlerinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131na kendilerinin inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %35-40’\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar edinmi\u015f olup %34’\u00fcn\u00fcn aileleriyle ili\u015fkileri zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim oranlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bulunmakta.<\/p>\n

Anket sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na yan\u0131t verenler aras\u0131nda onlar\u0131n kendi de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re psikolojik durumlar\u0131nda %73 oran\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. %45’i ko\u015fullar\u0131n gelecekte iyile\u015fece\u011fine dair olan umudunun azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. \u00a0Yine de bu deneyim, zorlu\u011funa ra\u011fmen, bu kesimin %38’inin \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Zorlu ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve yeni bir ortam ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak, \u00f6zellikle de bir ailenin olmamas\u0131 durumu onlar\u0131n kendilerine daha fazla g\u00fcvenmeleri sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu kesim, yeni toplumun etkilerini hafifletecek sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ortam olmayan, bekar gen\u00e7lerin ikamet etti\u011fi konutlarda ya\u015famaya mecbur kald\u0131. Hatta olumsuz de\u011fi\u015fimlere direnme g\u00fc\u00e7lerini zay\u0131flatan, bozulmay\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden bir ortam oldu onlar i\u00e7in. Bunun nedeni, ikametleri i\u00e7in haz\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131n olmamas\u0131, ailenin ve toplumun onlara kar\u015f\u0131 gereken rol\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirememesi, onlara y\u00f6nelik ve onlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 deste\u011fi sa\u011flayan yeterli alternatif faaliyetlerin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, bu kesimle ilgilenirken g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015f baz\u0131 hususlara \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Suriye’de askeri operasyonlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ya da g\u00fcvenlik veya ekonomik istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devam etmesi halinden do\u011fan yeni saiklerin d\u00fczensiz bir \u015fekilde devreye girmesi ihtimali s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak bir dizi tavsiye sunuyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalesini indirmek i\u00e7in (Arap\u00e7a)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu rapor, “refakatsiz Re\u015fit olmayan Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin” T\u00fcrkiye’ye giri\u015flerinden sonraki durumlar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmeyi, deneyimlerine ve etkilerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmay\u0131 ve bu kesimi ve di\u011fer kesimlerden farkl\u0131 olan hak ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78,93,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-and-studies-tr","category-sosyal-birim","category-yayinlar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ltica Deneyiminin Re\u015fit olmayan Refakatsiz M\u00fclteciler \u00dczerindeki Etkisi - Suriye Diyalog Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu rapor, "refakatsiz Re\u015fit 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